Human Biology 5.2

Diet affects the body’s health
Nutrition is the study of the materials that nourish your body.
Your body needs proper nutrition to stay healthy and to function well.
Getting Nutrientssix classes of nutrients: carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin, mineral, water

Proteins: molecules that build tissues used for growth and repair.
(poultry, red meat, fish, eggs, nuts, beans, grains…etc.)

Carbohydrates: the body’s most important energy source and are found in
starch, sugar, and fiber. (past, bread, fruits, and vegetables…etc)

Fats: essential for energy. (butter, olive oil…etc)

Vitamins: small molecules that regulate body growth and development.
Minerals: help build body tissue

Water: helps regulate your body temperature, transports nutrients around the body.

Understanding Nutrition
Groups within the government, (the United States Department of Agriculture) have defined terms that are used to describe food products.

All natural -it does not contain any artificial flavor, color, or preservatives.

Low-fat -provides no more than 3grams of fat per serving.

Organic- produce has been grown using no human made fertilizers or live stock has been raised on organic feed.

Exercise & Lifestyle
Regular exercise allows all your body systems to stay strong and healthy. (extra oxygen, stronger skeletal and circulatory system…etc.)

An active lifestyle can promote good health and a sedentary lifestyle can promote excess body fat and disease.

Researchers have also made connections between excess body fat and heart disease and diabetes.
Drug AbuseA drug is any chemical substance that you take in to change your body’s functions. Abuse can also include using too much of a substance that is not harmful in small amounts.

Tobacco: Tobacco smoke contains thousands of chemicals.
(nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide)

Alcohol: It damages the heart, the liver, the nervous system, digestive system, and it can affect behavior and the ability to make decisions.

Other drugs: cocaine, amphetamines, narcotics are very dangerous.
Addiction
Drug abuse can often lead to addiction.

Addiction is an illness in which a person becomes dependent on a substance or behavior.
Repeated use of drugs can cause the body to become physically dependent and also emotionally dependent.

When a person is dependent on a drug, taking away that drug can cause withdrawal. (fever, muscle cramps, vomiting, and hallucinations.)

Eating DisordersAn eating disorder is a condition in which people continually eat too much or too little food.

Anorexia nervosa: people which this
disorder eat so little and exercise
so hard that they become unhealthy.