S.S. Ch.5 Lesson 1

Egypt and Nubia developed political, cultural, and commercial relationships.
Like the Egyptians, the Nubians depended on the Nile, although cataracts made travel on the upper Nile difficult.

Nubia stretched from southern border of Egypt to the city of Khartoum in Sudan

Egypt and Nubia were neighbors so they shared ideas, customs, and commercial, political, and cultural relationships.
However, the two lands were very different in geograpghy The Nubians were pastoral nomads who herded cattle.
Many Nubians turned such resources as gold and clay into jewelry, pottery, and other valuable trade items.

Nubia had plenty of copper, gold, granite, iron, and clay Nubians used pottery for numerous purposes In time, it became of fine quality and so they became valuable trade items Nubia imported goods from the south and exported them to the north. Egyptians wanted to control Nubian trade routes, so they annexed northern Nubia. Nubia’s location made it an ideal place for trade They imported from the south Leopard skins, ostrich eggs, Feathers, Ivory, Ebony, Spices, gold Nubia exported these items to the north because it was in great demand in southwest Asia The Egyptians wanted to control Nubia’s trade routes because they were rich with gold. Egyptians used Nubian gold to build statues and decorations They began looting Nubia’s natural resources In 2000 B.C., the Egyptian king annexed northern Nubia By annexing Nubia, the Egyptians gained Nubian resources and Nubian soldiers Egyptians used Nubian gold lavishley to construct statues and decorations; they used Nubian granite for statues and buildings A powerful new kingdom arose in southern Nubia. It gained independence and drove out the Egyptians. Its capital and center of trade was Kerma.

Later, Egyptians regained control of much Nubia. Kush Kingdom of Kerma Regained independence from Egypt Kerma became a major center for trade Gold, salt, spices, elephant tusks, and rhinoceros horns This trade made Kerma wealthy Kushite kings gained control of northern Nubia, while the Hyksos controlled northern Egypt To protect their kingdom from invasion, the Kushite king became an ally of the Hyksos Egyptians forced Hyksos back to soutwestern Asia and then destroyed Kerma Following military success, Egyptians controlled much of Nubia as far as the 4th cataract The pharaoh created a position “King’s son of Kush” Many Kushites adopted Egyptian religious beliefs, writing, customs, and ways of dressing.