The Han Dynasty206 B.C., the Qin Dynasty fell
Peasants, Qin generals and officials, and nobles fought for power
Shortly after, Liu Bang claimed the title of king of Han
He was given the name Han Gaozu, “High Ancestor”
The Han made their capital Chang’an, near Xianyang.
It became to be known as Xi’an
Gaozu…
Helped peasants by giving land and reducing taxes
Accepted idea of central government
Followed teachings of Confucius
Became known for mixing Confucian and Legalist ideas
The use of Legalist and Confucian idea helped Han rulers make decisions
The Han Dynasty
Wu Di and Civil ServiceIn 141 B.C., Wu Di (“Warlike Emperor) rose to the throne
He formed armies of 300,000 to protect and expand the empire
His expansion included western China and parts of Korea and Vietnam
To help support his growing empire, he created taxes
Wu Di and Civil Service
Wu Di had deep respect for Confucius and even started a university to teach Confucianism
He also made it the empire’s official language
He founded the first civil service on Confucian ideals
Wu Di and Civil Service
Wu Di helped start a system where skilled people would govern a state.
Educated people could become civil servants by passing a test
Those who did well would receive jobs and social status.
Wu Di and Civil Service
Golden AgeSuccess in war, economic growth, and education
Art flourished
Stone sculptures
Painting
Weaving
pottery
Science
Seismograph
Sundials
Waterclocks
Sima Qian
Wrote first history of China
The Silk Road and TradeThe most traveled trade routes became known as the “Silk Road”
Stretched 4,000 miles from Han capital to the Mediterranean sea
Connected China and Europe
Traded horses, glass, spices, unusual fruits, musical instruments
The Silk Road was important in spreading Buddhism northward
Thursday, September 13, 2012
Wednesday, September 12, 2012
S.S. Ch.11 Lesson 3
Wei River ValleyQin generals conquered other states as they rode horses into battle and fought with iron weapons
a 13-year-old boy took the Qin throne and ruled over China’s first empire.
After founding the Qin Empire, the king named himself Qin Shi Huangdi,“First Emperor of China.”
The empire lasted only 15 years
Wei River Valley
Shi Huangdi used fear to rule through a governing system called legalism
He had absolute
control and governed with strict laws.
Building a Bureaucracy
Shi Huangdi built both a strong army and a bureaucracy
The old feudal system had to be broken apart before Legalism could replace it.
Feudal lords ruled their land and collected taxes
To prevent the nobles from turning against him, they were forced to move to Qin, the capital city of Xianyang
Standardization
Shi Huangdi standardized:
coins and the units for weights
ordered the building of canals and roads to connect major cities
Education
Li Si(advisor) said that too many books questioned Qin ideas so he ordered certain books, including many about Confucianism, to be burned
This unification made the empire easier to control
Building a Great WallFor about ten years, he forced hundreds of thousands of workers to build the wall.
the wall stood 25 feet high and 20 feet wide and stretched for more than 3,000 miles from east to west.
Along the wall, soldiers kept watch from 40-foot-high towers. If they saw enemies approaching, they used smoke or fire to signal soldiers in the next tower.
The Emperor’s Clay Army Shi Huangdi planned a great burial place for himself.
The tomb had been under construction for more than 30 years.
The tomb had 7,000 larger than life soldiers holding real weapons, as well as life-size clay horses and wood and bronze war chariots
Shi Huangdi planned a spectacular
burial place for himself. He
ordered an army of thousands
of clay soldiers and horses
built to protect the tomb
for all time.
a 13-year-old boy took the Qin throne and ruled over China’s first empire.
After founding the Qin Empire, the king named himself Qin Shi Huangdi,“First Emperor of China.”
The empire lasted only 15 years
Wei River Valley
Shi Huangdi used fear to rule through a governing system called legalism
He had absolute
control and governed with strict laws.
Building a Bureaucracy
Shi Huangdi built both a strong army and a bureaucracy
The old feudal system had to be broken apart before Legalism could replace it.
Feudal lords ruled their land and collected taxes
To prevent the nobles from turning against him, they were forced to move to Qin, the capital city of Xianyang
Standardization
Shi Huangdi standardized:
coins and the units for weights
ordered the building of canals and roads to connect major cities
Education
Li Si(advisor) said that too many books questioned Qin ideas so he ordered certain books, including many about Confucianism, to be burned
This unification made the empire easier to control
Building a Great WallFor about ten years, he forced hundreds of thousands of workers to build the wall.
the wall stood 25 feet high and 20 feet wide and stretched for more than 3,000 miles from east to west.
Along the wall, soldiers kept watch from 40-foot-high towers. If they saw enemies approaching, they used smoke or fire to signal soldiers in the next tower.
The Emperor’s Clay Army Shi Huangdi planned a great burial place for himself.
The tomb had been under construction for more than 30 years.
The tomb had 7,000 larger than life soldiers holding real weapons, as well as life-size clay horses and wood and bronze war chariots
Shi Huangdi planned a spectacular
burial place for himself. He
ordered an army of thousands
of clay soldiers and horses
built to protect the tomb
for all time.
Tuesday, September 11, 2012
Monday, September 10, 2012
S.S. Ch.11 Lesson 2
The Shang Dynasty
In 2000 B.C., settlements grew into powerful kingdoms
Tang the Successful brought 1,800 villages under his rule which began the Shang DynastyShang Society invented writing system, worked with bronze, had social classes and lived under a monarchy
The Shang writing system consisted of character, symbols
Oracle bones
Earliest form of writing found on bones
They were used to find out about the future
The Zhou DynastyThe Zhou dynasty was the longest-ruling dynasty
Zhou culture began in the Wei River Valley, west of the Shang kingdom.
Zhou moved east until they met
the Shang.
1122 B.C., the Zhou ruler, King Wu, won
victory over the Shang.
The Zhou believed that Tian gave certain people an order, known as the Mandate of Heaven
Zhou kings thought that they would be able to keep the mandate as long as they continued to show virtue, or good qualities.
social structure with three classes1. king and his family
2. noble families
3. peasant families
system of exchanging land for loyalty is known as feudalism.
Decline of the ZhouIn about 771 B.C., the enemies attacked the Zhou capital of Hao .
enemies killed the Zhou king and took control of the whole Wei River Valley.
As a result, the Zhou moved their capital city east to the North China Plain.
The Zhou Dynasty weakened
During the last two hundred years of the dynasty, the fighting grew worse
Warring Kingdoms Period or the Warring States Period.
the kingdom of Chu (JOO) had replaced feudalism with a new kind of government.
divided their kingdom into counties
In 535 B.C., the king of Zheng (JUHNG), a kingdom in the North China Plain, ordered that written laws be created to make sure people could tell right from wrong.
The ideas of confuciusConfucius meant “Great Master Kong.”
spent his life thinking about how to return goodness and order to China.
His sayings often told of the importance of good behavior, kindness, tradition, respect for elders, and education.
Confucius thought that people should use filial piety as a model for showing honor and respect for their rulers
He thought of these duties in terms of five relationships—
parent to child, ruler to subject, older brother to younger brother, husband to wife, and friend to friend.
In 2000 B.C., settlements grew into powerful kingdoms
Tang the Successful brought 1,800 villages under his rule which began the Shang DynastyShang Society invented writing system, worked with bronze, had social classes and lived under a monarchy
The Shang writing system consisted of character, symbols
Oracle bones
Earliest form of writing found on bones
They were used to find out about the future
The Zhou DynastyThe Zhou dynasty was the longest-ruling dynasty
Zhou culture began in the Wei River Valley, west of the Shang kingdom.
Zhou moved east until they met
the Shang.
1122 B.C., the Zhou ruler, King Wu, won
victory over the Shang.
The Zhou believed that Tian gave certain people an order, known as the Mandate of Heaven
Zhou kings thought that they would be able to keep the mandate as long as they continued to show virtue, or good qualities.
social structure with three classes1. king and his family
2. noble families
3. peasant families
system of exchanging land for loyalty is known as feudalism.
Decline of the ZhouIn about 771 B.C., the enemies attacked the Zhou capital of Hao .
enemies killed the Zhou king and took control of the whole Wei River Valley.
As a result, the Zhou moved their capital city east to the North China Plain.
The Zhou Dynasty weakened
During the last two hundred years of the dynasty, the fighting grew worse
Warring Kingdoms Period or the Warring States Period.
the kingdom of Chu (JOO) had replaced feudalism with a new kind of government.
divided their kingdom into counties
In 535 B.C., the king of Zheng (JUHNG), a kingdom in the North China Plain, ordered that written laws be created to make sure people could tell right from wrong.
The ideas of confuciusConfucius meant “Great Master Kong.”
spent his life thinking about how to return goodness and order to China.
His sayings often told of the importance of good behavior, kindness, tradition, respect for elders, and education.
Confucius thought that people should use filial piety as a model for showing honor and respect for their rulers
He thought of these duties in terms of five relationships—
parent to child, ruler to subject, older brother to younger brother, husband to wife, and friend to friend.
Sunday, September 9, 2012
Science 4.2
Stars differ in size, brightness, and temperature
Star’s Brightness : amount of light a star gives off + distance from the Earth
What unit do we use to measure distance between stars?
: light year (distance light travels in one year, approx 9.5 trill km)
How do we measure distance?
by using parallax: the apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from
different locations
To measure the parallax of a star,
astronomers plot the star’s position in the
sky from opposite sides of Earth’s orbit
around the Sun.
Size
White dwarfs <> differences in color
* Sun = a yellow, G-class star
Stars have Life Cycles
Stars are not permanent -> go through life cycles of birth, maturity, and death
Birth
stars form from a nebula (cloud of gas + dust)
-> gravity pulls gas & dust closer together =contracts
-> forms hot, dense sphere
Maturity
sphere becomes a star if center is hot enough for fusion to occur
Death
its matter does not disappear
i) some of it may form a nebula or.. ii) move into existing nebula -> may become part of new star
Stages in the Life Cycles of Stars difference in mass = difference in life cyclemain sequence: the stage in which stars produce energy through the fusion of
hydrogen into helium
Neutron Star
def: extremely dense core left behind in a supernova
-mass 1~3x’s bigger than the Sun
-some emit beams of radio waves as they spin called pulsars (they seem to
pulse as the beams rotate)
Black Hole
-core more than 3x’s bigger than the Sun
-> core collapses -> form invisible object called a “black hole”
-gravity of a black hole is so strong that no form of radiation can escape
Star Systems
- most stars do not exist alone, held together by gravity
ex) binary star system (2), multiple star system (>2)
important source of info about star masses
-> astronomers cannot measure mass directly
they use the gravity in star systems to calculate star mass
Star’s Brightness : amount of light a star gives off + distance from the Earth
What unit do we use to measure distance between stars?
: light year (distance light travels in one year, approx 9.5 trill km)
How do we measure distance?
by using parallax: the apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from
different locations
To measure the parallax of a star,
astronomers plot the star’s position in the
sky from opposite sides of Earth’s orbit
around the Sun.
Size
White dwarfs <> differences in color
* Sun = a yellow, G-class star
Stars have Life Cycles
Stars are not permanent -> go through life cycles of birth, maturity, and death
Birth
stars form from a nebula (cloud of gas + dust)
-> gravity pulls gas & dust closer together =contracts
-> forms hot, dense sphere
Maturity
sphere becomes a star if center is hot enough for fusion to occur
Death
its matter does not disappear
i) some of it may form a nebula or.. ii) move into existing nebula -> may become part of new star
Stages in the Life Cycles of Stars difference in mass = difference in life cyclemain sequence: the stage in which stars produce energy through the fusion of
hydrogen into helium
Neutron Star
def: extremely dense core left behind in a supernova
-mass 1~3x’s bigger than the Sun
-some emit beams of radio waves as they spin called pulsars (they seem to
pulse as the beams rotate)
Black Hole
-core more than 3x’s bigger than the Sun
-> core collapses -> form invisible object called a “black hole”
-gravity of a black hole is so strong that no form of radiation can escape
Star Systems
- most stars do not exist alone, held together by gravity
ex) binary star system (2), multiple star system (>2)
important source of info about star masses
-> astronomers cannot measure mass directly
they use the gravity in star systems to calculate star mass
Friday, September 7, 2012
Space Science 4.1
The Sun produces energy from hydrogen.The Sunonly star in our solar system
far larger than any of the planets
(contains 99.9% of the mass of the entire solar system)
consists mostly of hydrogen gas -> produces ENERGY
How? hydrogen in the Sun’s interior turns into helium
source of light and warmth making life possible on Earth
Energy flows through the Sun’s layers.
The Sun’s Interior
-cooler, less dense as you move away from the center
Core - Sun’s center : very dense + very hot (15 mill °C) -> extreme condition
- hydrogen particles collide and combine to form helium
in a process called : fusion
- fusion releases energy through radiation
Radiative Zone – energy moves from core by radiation through this thick layer
(fusion does not occur, conditions are not as extreme)
Convection Zone – energy moves mainly by convection: transfer of energy from
place to place by the motion of heated gas or liquid
**Energy moves by radiation + convection**
The Sun’s Atmosphere-less dense, hotter as you move outward
Photosphere
- visible layer of the Sun = Sun’s surface
- convection currents beneath causes bumpy texture
Chromosphere- thin middle layer, pinkish light
Corona- Sun’s outermost layer
- varies in shape, extends outward several million km
-chromosphere/corona (hotter) > photosphere
->low densities -> only visible during total eclipse of Sun
(when the Moon blocks the much brighter photosphere)
Features on the Sun
Near the Sun’s surface there are regions of magnetic force called magnetic fields. These magnetic fields get twisted into different positions as the Sun rotates. Features on the Sun appear in areas where a magnetic field is strong creating…….
Sunspots Flares Prominences
Features on the SunSunspots-spots on the photosphere, cooler, seems dim because the
rest of the photosphere is so much brighter
-realized that the Sun rotates
(some parts rotate faster because the Sun is not solid)
Flares-eruption of hot gas from Sun’s surface
-occur near sunspots
Prominences-huge loops of glowing gas that extend the corona connecting two sunspots
Solar Winddef: electrically charged particles that flow out in all directions from the corona
Most solar winds flowing toward Earth is protected by Earth’s magnetic field.
However……
When solar-wind particles enter the upper atmosphere, they release energy,
and produce beautiful patterns of glowing light in the sky called auroras.
Magnetic StormsDuring peaks of sunspot cycle, flares, and other solar activity,
strong bursts of charged particles are released into the solar wind
called magnetic storms.
-can cause power surges
-interfere with radio communication
-destroy orbiting satellite
-poses danger to astronauts
during space flights
far larger than any of the planets
(contains 99.9% of the mass of the entire solar system)
consists mostly of hydrogen gas -> produces ENERGY
How? hydrogen in the Sun’s interior turns into helium
source of light and warmth making life possible on Earth
Energy flows through the Sun’s layers.
The Sun’s Interior
-cooler, less dense as you move away from the center
Core - Sun’s center : very dense + very hot (15 mill °C) -> extreme condition
- hydrogen particles collide and combine to form helium
in a process called : fusion
- fusion releases energy through radiation
Radiative Zone – energy moves from core by radiation through this thick layer
(fusion does not occur, conditions are not as extreme)
Convection Zone – energy moves mainly by convection: transfer of energy from
place to place by the motion of heated gas or liquid
**Energy moves by radiation + convection**
The Sun’s Atmosphere-less dense, hotter as you move outward
Photosphere
- visible layer of the Sun = Sun’s surface
- convection currents beneath causes bumpy texture
Chromosphere- thin middle layer, pinkish light
Corona- Sun’s outermost layer
- varies in shape, extends outward several million km
-chromosphere/corona (hotter) > photosphere
->low densities -> only visible during total eclipse of Sun
(when the Moon blocks the much brighter photosphere)
Features on the Sun
Near the Sun’s surface there are regions of magnetic force called magnetic fields. These magnetic fields get twisted into different positions as the Sun rotates. Features on the Sun appear in areas where a magnetic field is strong creating…….
Sunspots Flares Prominences
Features on the SunSunspots-spots on the photosphere, cooler, seems dim because the
rest of the photosphere is so much brighter
-realized that the Sun rotates
(some parts rotate faster because the Sun is not solid)
Flares-eruption of hot gas from Sun’s surface
-occur near sunspots
Prominences-huge loops of glowing gas that extend the corona connecting two sunspots
Solar Winddef: electrically charged particles that flow out in all directions from the corona
Most solar winds flowing toward Earth is protected by Earth’s magnetic field.
However……
When solar-wind particles enter the upper atmosphere, they release energy,
and produce beautiful patterns of glowing light in the sky called auroras.
Magnetic StormsDuring peaks of sunspot cycle, flares, and other solar activity,
strong bursts of charged particles are released into the solar wind
called magnetic storms.
-can cause power surges
-interfere with radio communication
-destroy orbiting satellite
-poses danger to astronauts
during space flights
S.S. Ch.11 Lesson 1
Mighty RiversChina’s rivers, the Huang He in the north and the Chang Jiang in the south,
helped develop civilizations
Yellow silt called loess give the Huang He it’s color and name, “Yellow River”
Chang Jiang, “Long River”, is also known as the Yangtze
Both of these rivers provide fertile lands for farming and also cause flooding
China can be divided into three different steps:
1. Western China is the highest
Himalayas and Plateau of f Tibet
Farther up, there are steppes (tall mountains, dry, treeless grasslands)
2. Central China is the middle step
Mountains and desert (Gobi desert)
3. Eastern China is the bottom step.
Varied climateNorthern part- cold, dry winter
Southern part- warm, rainy summers
As you travel from western China to eastern China, the climate gets wetter
Mountains, Plateaus, Deserts, and Plains
natural barriers made travel to and from China difficult
Mountains, rivers, and seas
Gobi and the Himalayas
Spread of ideas and goods were difficult
Because China was so big, they called it Tian Xia, “All Under Heaven”
Geography made ruling and governing difficult
A World Apart
Due to the size of China, each region had their own dialect but still shared same heritage
Legends or stories passed down
Pan Gu, the creator slept in an egg
When he came out, the upper halg became the heavens and the bottom
half of the shell became earth
The early Chinese believed
they were the world’s
only civilization.
Legendary Rulers
Shen Nong
Brought agriculture
Studied poisonous and medicinal herbs
Huang DiOrdered the creation of Chinese writing
Created carts, bows, houses, and arrows
Xilingshi
Huang Di’s wife
Invented silk
Yu the Great and the Great Flood
A flood endangered the people and to save the people, Yu the Great dug canals and controlled the floods for 13 years
Xia DynastyBegun by Yu’s son
Legends tell us what the people did, how they lived, and what they believed.
helped develop civilizations
Yellow silt called loess give the Huang He it’s color and name, “Yellow River”
Chang Jiang, “Long River”, is also known as the Yangtze
Both of these rivers provide fertile lands for farming and also cause flooding
China can be divided into three different steps:
1. Western China is the highest
Himalayas and Plateau of f Tibet
Farther up, there are steppes (tall mountains, dry, treeless grasslands)
2. Central China is the middle step
Mountains and desert (Gobi desert)
3. Eastern China is the bottom step.
Varied climateNorthern part- cold, dry winter
Southern part- warm, rainy summers
As you travel from western China to eastern China, the climate gets wetter
Mountains, Plateaus, Deserts, and Plains
natural barriers made travel to and from China difficult
Mountains, rivers, and seas
Gobi and the Himalayas
Spread of ideas and goods were difficult
Because China was so big, they called it Tian Xia, “All Under Heaven”
Geography made ruling and governing difficult
A World Apart
Due to the size of China, each region had their own dialect but still shared same heritage
Legends or stories passed down
Pan Gu, the creator slept in an egg
When he came out, the upper halg became the heavens and the bottom
half of the shell became earth
The early Chinese believed
they were the world’s
only civilization.
Legendary Rulers
Shen Nong
Brought agriculture
Studied poisonous and medicinal herbs
Huang DiOrdered the creation of Chinese writing
Created carts, bows, houses, and arrows
Xilingshi
Huang Di’s wife
Invented silk
Yu the Great and the Great Flood
A flood endangered the people and to save the people, Yu the Great dug canals and controlled the floods for 13 years
Xia DynastyBegun by Yu’s son
Legends tell us what the people did, how they lived, and what they believed.
Sunday, August 12, 2012
S.S. Ch.10 Lesson 4
The Struggle for United Rule
Ancient India was divided into many city-states with its each own ruler.
Kings fought one another to rule the Ganges River
Controlling the Ganges River meant controlling trade
No one ruler had united ancient India because of its geography
Peninsula and mountain ranges
The Struggle for United Rule
In 518 B.C., King Darius of Persian Empire led his army to India in search of new territory and plunder
They claimed lands in the Indus River Valley and western Punjab
In 327 B.C., Alexander led his troops into India but failed to conquer all of India
Chandragupta Maurya was an Indian ruler who defeated the Greeks and founded the Maurya Empire
He united the lands he conquered under his rule.
The Struggle for United Rule
The Maurya EmpireChandragupta Maurya formed a well organized empire
Cleared lands
Drained swamps
Improved roads
He funded all these activities by taxes
Ruling people lived well but common people suffered
He was a cruel ruler, who used Arthashastra as a guide
Chandragupta was hated by his people but expanded India across northern India
Fear of assassination, he slept in different rooms and had servants taste his food for poison
Chandragupta’s son, Bindusara, took over in 297 B.C.
He was also a cruel leader like his father
However, Ashoka (asoka), was one of the greatest rulers in ancient India
Reign of Ashoka
Ashoka united and extended the Maurya Empire into Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan
He was a cruel and violent ruler who experienced a turning point in life which turned him into a peaceful and loving Buddhist
He made many political and moral achievements
Established Buddhism as state religion
Sent out missionaries to spread Buddhism
Edicts- commands
Reign of Ashoka
Ashoka expanded the Empire. At first,
he was a cruel ruler. After, he became a
Buddhist, however, his reign became
noted for his political and moral
achievements.
Ancient India became a land of small kingdoms
In A.D. 320, the Gupta Empire began to rise
Rulers: Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, and Changdragupta II
They were not related to Changdragupta of the Maurya Empire
The period of the Gupta Empire has become to be known as India’s Golden Age
It was a time of peace, wealth, and great achievementIndia’s Golden AgeHinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism grew
Kalidasa
Best-known poet and plawright who wrote about love, war, and kings
Panchatantra(folktales)
Many artists worked on frescoes
Ajanta cave
Ancient temple in India that describes Buddha’s life
India’s Golden Age
In about A.D. 320, the Gupta Empire
began. India’s Golden Age of wealth
and cultural achievement occurred
during this time.
Indian Intellectual Achievements
Indian mathematics first used a base-ten number system called the Hindu-Arabic numerals
Doctors…
Developed ways of setting broken bones
Inoculations
Helped woman give birth
Ancient India was divided into many city-states with its each own ruler.
Kings fought one another to rule the Ganges River
Controlling the Ganges River meant controlling trade
No one ruler had united ancient India because of its geography
Peninsula and mountain ranges
The Struggle for United Rule
In 518 B.C., King Darius of Persian Empire led his army to India in search of new territory and plunder
They claimed lands in the Indus River Valley and western Punjab
In 327 B.C., Alexander led his troops into India but failed to conquer all of India
Chandragupta Maurya was an Indian ruler who defeated the Greeks and founded the Maurya Empire
He united the lands he conquered under his rule.
The Struggle for United Rule
The Maurya EmpireChandragupta Maurya formed a well organized empire
Cleared lands
Drained swamps
Improved roads
He funded all these activities by taxes
Ruling people lived well but common people suffered
He was a cruel ruler, who used Arthashastra as a guide
Chandragupta was hated by his people but expanded India across northern India
Fear of assassination, he slept in different rooms and had servants taste his food for poison
Chandragupta’s son, Bindusara, took over in 297 B.C.
He was also a cruel leader like his father
However, Ashoka (asoka), was one of the greatest rulers in ancient India
Reign of Ashoka
Ashoka united and extended the Maurya Empire into Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan
He was a cruel and violent ruler who experienced a turning point in life which turned him into a peaceful and loving Buddhist
He made many political and moral achievements
Established Buddhism as state religion
Sent out missionaries to spread Buddhism
Edicts- commands
Reign of Ashoka
Ashoka expanded the Empire. At first,
he was a cruel ruler. After, he became a
Buddhist, however, his reign became
noted for his political and moral
achievements.
Ancient India became a land of small kingdoms
In A.D. 320, the Gupta Empire began to rise
Rulers: Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, and Changdragupta II
They were not related to Changdragupta of the Maurya Empire
The period of the Gupta Empire has become to be known as India’s Golden Age
It was a time of peace, wealth, and great achievementIndia’s Golden AgeHinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism grew
Kalidasa
Best-known poet and plawright who wrote about love, war, and kings
Panchatantra(folktales)
Many artists worked on frescoes
Ajanta cave
Ancient temple in India that describes Buddha’s life
India’s Golden Age
In about A.D. 320, the Gupta Empire
began. India’s Golden Age of wealth
and cultural achievement occurred
during this time.
Indian Intellectual Achievements
Indian mathematics first used a base-ten number system called the Hindu-Arabic numerals
Doctors…
Developed ways of setting broken bones
Inoculations
Helped woman give birth
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